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Yderst til venstre i
gobelinens hovedfelt ses
Kong Frederik 3.
(regeringsperiode 1648-1670) konge af
Danmark og Norge. Gift med Sophie Amalie af
Braunschweig-Lüneburg (det er hende
Amalienborg er opkaldt efter). Han
afskaffede
valgkongedømmet til fordel for enevælden (1660-1848),
tronen gik nu i arv, al magt var hos kongen, og adelen
mistede flere privilegier.
På et stændermøde i København i
september 1660, der skulle forsøge at bringe landet på fode
efter
Karl
Gustav Krigene 1657-1660, lykkedes det kongen og hans
rådgivere at overbevise stænderne om at gøre tronen arvelig,
men ud over arveretten til tronen blev enevælden indført,
dette blev stadfæstet i Enevoldsarveregeringsakten den
10.01.1661 og præciseret i Kongeloven af 14.11.1665, som
blev udarbejdet af
Peder Schumacher, og med den
blev det enevældige
kongedømme indført i Danmark.
I sin venstre hånd holder Frederik 3.
Lex Regia,
Kongeloven, enevældens
grundlov, på hvilken der er
to seglkapsler, en
for Danmark og en for Norge. Kongen krones af en
engel,
som symbol på, at han er konge af Guds nåde.
Kongeloven var enestående i europæisk sammenhæng ved at være
den eneste nedskrevne enevældige forfatning. Kongens magt
var absolut, hvorfor den ældre enevælde senere er blevet
betegnet absolutisme og udviklede sig til oplyst enevælde
eller yngre enevælde.
Ved Frederik
3.'s fod ses en bog, refererende til Det
Kongelige Bibliotek, som han grundlagde i 1648. I 1663 blev
dets første bibliotekar og arkivar ansat, det var
Peder Schumacher adlet
Griffenfeld.
Skulpturhovedet og
kunstgenstanden
refererer til Det Kongelige
Kunstkammer, der blev grundlagt ca. 1650.
Top
left in the tapestry's main field: To the far left you see King Frederik III (ruled
1648-1670), king of Denmark and Norway, married to Sophie Amalie
of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, from whom the
Amalienborg palace is named. He
abolished the elective monarchy in favor of absolutism
(1660-1848. The throne was now heritable, all power resided with
the king, and the aristocracy lost several privileges. At a
meeting of the estates in Copenhagen in September 1660, held for
the purpose of restoring the country after the wars (the
Charles Gustavus wars of 1657-1660), the king and his advisors
succeeded in persuading the estates to make the crown heritable.
However, in addition to the hereditary monarchy, an absolute
regime was introduced, which
was confirmed in the Act of Absolute and Hereditary
Monarchy of 10 January 1661 and explicated in the Act of
Monarchy, Lex Regia, of 14 November 1665, elaborated by Peder
Schumacher, and whereby absolute monarchy was imposed in
Denmark. |
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In his left hand Frederik III holds
the Lex Regia,
the royal law, the constitution of absolutism. On it are
two seals, one for Denmark and one for Norway. The king is
crowned by an angel, symbolizing his rule by divine right.
The Lex Regia was unique in
Europe as being the only written constitution of absolutism. The
king's power was absolute, wherefore the older period of absolutism
is called precisely that and evolved to enlightened absolutism or
later absolutism.
At the foot of Frederik III we see
a book, referring to the Royal Library, which he founded in
1648. In 1663 its first chief librarian was appointed, namely Peder
Schumacher, now ennobled as Griffenfeld.
The sculpted head and the
objet d'art refer to the Royal Chamber of Arts,
founded around 1650.
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Knælende
foran kongen ses
Moder Danmark,
der symboliserer nationen, overrækkende rigsæblet til
Frederik 3.
I sin
venstre hånd holder hun en
sejrskrans. Hun er iført en draperet
klædedragt, en romersk stola,
svarende til dem der kendes fra
1700-tallets allegoriske fædrelandsfremstillinger
med kvinder i antikke klædedragter
holdende rigsvåbenet.
Lige under Moder Danmark ses
en
fugl, der hakker på en fisk,
symbol på tidernes ugunst.
På Glyptoteket
kan ses en Moder Danmark-fremstilling
i
Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumanns maleri
"Danmark"
fra 1851, der er inspireret af
Slaget
på Isted Hede i 1850.
Kneeling before the king we see Mother Denmark,
symbolizing the nation, giving the orb of power to Frederik III.
In her left hand she holds a crown of victory. She is
wearing a draped gown, a Roman stole, corresponding
to those
known from 18th-century allegorical representations
of women in antique dress holding the orb of power. Just below
Mother Denmark we see a bird hacking a fish with its
beak, signifying the evil times.
At the
Glyptotek one may view a Mother Denmark-figure in the painting
by Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann,
"Denmark",
from 1851 and inspired by the Battle of Isted Moor in
1850. |
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Fra venstre mod højre ses:
Hannibal
Sehested
(1609-1666), statsmand og diplomat
gift med
Christiane, der var datter af
Christian 4. og Kirsten Munk.
Hans
Svane
(1606-1668) politiker og teolog.
Danmarks eneste ikke katolske ærkebiskop.
Som politisk person, var han en af de
varmeste fortalere for enevælden.
Hans Nansen
(1598-1667), borgmester i København og
forvalter for Det Islandske Kompagni.
Christoffer
Gabel
(1617-1673) Kgl. kammerskriver og personlig rådgiver for
Frederik 3.
From left to right:
Hannibal Sehested (1609-1666),
a statesman, warrior and diplomat married to Christiane,
daughter of Christian IV and Kirsten Munk.
Hans Svane (1606-1668), a politician and theologian, and
the only non-Catholic Dane to have been given the purely
honorary rank of archbishop. As a politician he was a strong
supporter of
absolutism.
Hans Nansen (1598-1667)
was the lord mayor of
Copenhagen and principal of
The Icelandic Company.
Christoffer Gabel
(1617-1673), private
secretary to the king and
his personal advisor. |
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Mandsperson
i fodlænker
refererende
til
Roskildefreden 1658, hvor Danmark
til Sverige måtte afstå Østdanmark
dvs. Skåne, Halland, Blekinge og
Bornholm samt Bohus len og Trondhjem
len.
Male figure in chains, referring to the Peace of
Roskilde in 1658, whereby Denmark surrendered a third of its
territory, all of eastern Denmark, Scania, Halland and Blekinge
along with Bornholm and the provinces of Bohus and Trondhjem in
Norway. |
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Den centrale figurgruppe i gobelinens
hovedfelt:
Til venstre ses
Kong Christian 5.
(regeringsperiode 1670-1699),
konge af Danmark og Norge. Gift med
Charlotte Amalie af Hessen-Kassel. Da
Christian var arvekonge, blev han ikke
kronet, men salvet - se Michael von
Havens billede fra
1671 "Christian
5.'s salving i Slotskirken på
Frederiksborg". I 1675 erklærede
Christian Sverige krig,
Skånske krig,
med det formål at vinde Skåne,
Halland og Blekinge tilbage som
Frederik 3. mistede ved Roskildefreden
- kongen fik støtte fra
snaphanerne,
som bekrigede de svenske soldater -
krigen sluttede i 1679, danskerne måtte
affinde sig med fredsaftalen fra 1660
(pres fra Frankrig, som var Sveriges
allierede). Rigskansler Griffenfeld
var den mest magtfulde af kongens mænd,
han ønskede ikke sammenstød med
Frankrig, i 1676 blev hans
forbindelser med franskmændene afsløret,
han blev fængslet for højforræderi.
I 1671 indførtes greve- og
friherrestanden, enhver der var stor
jordbesidder kunne få titel af greve,
mindre jordbesiddelser gav titel af
friherre (senere baron). Christian 5.
udstedte i 1683 Danske lov
og i 1687
Norske
lov,
som han hviler sin højre hånd på.
Under bordet, som lovene er placeret på
ses en jagthund (formentlig en
Broholmer) der refererer til kongens
interesse i parforcejagt, der gik ud på,
at byttet udmattedes før det dræbtes
- hundene jagede byttet og jægeren
fulgte efter til hest, og når dyret
segnede dræbte jægeren, ofte kongen,
sit bytte med en
hirschfænger,
en lang spids dolk. Kongens interesse
for parforcejagt stammede fra et
ophold hos
Solkongen
Ludvig 14. I slutningen af
1700-tallet blev jagtformen afskaffet
i Danmark. Under Christian 5. blev
Jægersborg
Dyrehave udvidet, og bønderne
der boede i landsbyen Stokkerup midt i
Dyrehaven, måtte flytte til gårde længere
væk, som var ubeboede efter
Svenskekrigen. I 1736 blev
barokslottet
Eremitagen opført på
Eremitagesletten af
Christian 6. |
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The central group of figures in the tapestry's main field: To
the left, King Christian V (ruled 1670-1699), king of
Denmark and Norway, married to Charlotte Amalie of
Hesse-Kassel. Christian being a hereditary monarch was not
crowned, but anointed, see Michael von Haven's painting
"The Anointing of Christian V in the Palace Chapel at Frederiksborg". In 1675, Christian declared war on
Sweden, The Scanian War, to recover the provinces of Scania,
Halland, and Blekinge lost by Frederik III at the Peace of
Roskilde. The king's army was helped by the so-called snaphaner,
local freedom fighters, who fought against Swedish soldiers. The
war ended in 1679, and the Danes had to accept the peace of
Oliva of 1660, which confirmed the Roskilde peace treaty of 1658
with minor
modifications, primarily due to pressure
from France, Sweden's ally. The chancellor of the
realm,
Griffenfeld, was the most powerful of the king's men
and did not want a confrontation with France. In
1676, his connections to the French were revealed,
he was imprisoned for high treason. In 1671, the
ranks of count and baron were introduced, anyone
with enough land could obtain the rank of count, lesser
possessions yielded the rank of baron. In
1683, Christian V issued the Danish Law Code
and the Norwegian Law Code, on which he rests
his right hand.
Under the table we see a hunting dog,
presumably of the Broholm breed, referring to the
king's interest in hunting to hounds, the purpose of
which is to exhaust the prey before it is killed,
the hounds chased the prey, the hunter followed on
horseback, and when the prey collapsed, the hunter,
often being the king, killed his prey with a hirschfänger, a long, sharp dagger. The king's
interest in hunting to hounds stemmed from a visit
to the Sun King, Louis XIV. In the late
18th
century, hunting to hounds was abolished in
Denmark. In the reign of Christian V, the Deer Park
at Jægersborg was expanded, and the peasant
inhabiting the village of Stokkerup in the middle of
the Deer Park had to move to more remote farms,
which were left uninhabited since the Swedish Wars.
In 1736, the Baroque chalet called the Eremitage was
erected on the Eremitage Plain by Christian VI. |
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Overfor
Christian 5., modtagende hans nåde, ses
Gøngehøvdingen,
Svend Poulsen Gønge (ca. 1610-1679).
Han
var dansk
friskyttekaptajn, leder af snaphanerne (friskytter) i de dansk-svenske krige
i 1600-tallet. Frederik 3. gav i
1661 Svend Poulsen Lundbygård ved
Vordingborg, som han ejede fra 1661-72.
Tilnavnet Gønge stammer fra hans fødeegn,
Gønge
(sv. Göinge) Herred på grænsen
mellem Skåne og Halland.
In front of Christian V and receiving his grace we see the Gønge
Chief, Svend Poulsen Gønge (c. 1610-1679). He was a captain
of Danish sharpshooters and a leader of the snaphaner,
Danish freedom fighters, during the Swedish Wars of the 17th
century. In 1661, Frederik III gave Svend Poulsen the estate of
Lundbygaard near Vordingborg, which he then owned from 1661-72.
His surname Gønge is supposed to derive from his native region
of Gønge, or in Swedish Göinge, near the old Danish-Swedish
border between the provinces of Scania and Småland. |
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Til
venstre ses
Christian 5.'s
rigskansler
Peder
Schumacher (1635-1699),
adlet Griffenfeld i 1671. Til
højre for Griffenfeld ses
gehejmestatsminister lensbaron
Jens Juel (1631-1700).
Yderst
til højre ses
Kong Frederik 4.
(regeringstid 1699-1770). Kongen
laurbærkranses - det er formentlig
Guds hånd, der holder kransen over
hans hoved.
Til venstre for kongen står Louise
af Mecklenburg-Güstrow
(d. 1721) og
Anna
Sophie Reventlow
(1693-1743).
De tre ukronede figurer
til venstre for de to dronninger
fremstiller Frederik 4.'s elskerinder
Elisabeth
Helene von Vieregg,
Charlotte von Schindel,
som var kongens elskerinde i 1709 samt en tredje hvis
navn ikke er kendt. |
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I Frederiks regeringsperiode
blev generobringen af Skåne, Halland og Blekinge opgivet som konsekvens af
det uafgjorte udfald af Store Nordiske
Krig, der varede fra
1709-20.
I 1700, indførte kongen den gregorianske kalender, der erstattede den
julianske. I 1701 oprettedes landmilitsen, året efter i 1702 blev det gamle
stavnsbånd/vornedskabet ophævet. Kongen etablerede
hedningemissionen/missionsarbejdet i Grønland, ledet af den norske præst
Hans Egede og senere biskop over Grønland kaldet Grønlands apostel. I 1719
inviterede kongen
franske protestanter/huguenotter
til at bosætte sig i
Fredericia, fordi de havde ry for at være pålidelige og arbejdsomme og
derfor ville være en stor gevinst for den skrantende fæstningsby. Fra 1721
opførtes 240 rytterskoler, almueskoler, i de
12 rytterdistrikter. I 1727 blev Det Kongelige Vajsenhus stiftet, en
institution for forældreløse børn i hele landet (vajserne).
Slottene
Frederiksberg og
Fredensborg byggede kongen som lystslotte,
Maison de
plaisance, de var
inspireret af de dannelsesrejser i Europa, han foretog som kronprins. Kongen
døde på Odense Slot. |
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To the
left is
Christian V's chancellor of the realm,
Peder Schumacher (1635-1699), ennobled in
1671 as Griffenfeld. To the right of
Griffenfeld we see the Privy Councillor (royal
advisor) and hereditary baron Jens Juel
(1631-1700).
At the extreme right we see King Frederik IV (ruled
1699-1730), king of Denmark and Norway. The king's
first wife was Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, to
whom he was married "by the right hand," whereas he
was simultaneously married morganatically, "by the
left hand," to Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg. The
king and his court had to leave Copenhagen and stay
at Koldinghus when the last great outbreak of plague
occurred in 1711-12. At a masked ball at this castle
the king met Anna Sophie Reventlow, they
fell in love, and the next year the king abducted
her from her home, Clausholm castle near Randers,
where her mother was keeping her captive, and
married her "by the left hand." After the death of
Queen Louise in 1721, the king wedded Anna Sophie
"by the right hand," so now she was queen. In the
reign of Frederik, the reconquest of Scania,
Halland, and Blekinge was finally abandoned after a
failed attempt in 1710 and as a consequence of the
Great Nordic War, which lasted from 1700-21.
On the tapestry, Frederik
IV receives the prize of victory, a laurel wreath.
The hand holding the wreath of victory over the
king's head is possibly the hand of God.
To the left of the king we
see Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (d. 1721)
and Anna Sophie Reventlow (1693-1743).
The three uncrowned figures
to the left of the two queens represent the
mistresses of Frederik IV, Elisabeth Helene von
Vieregg, Charlotte von Schindel, who was
the king's mistress in 1709, and a third, whose name
is unknown.
In 1700, the king introduced
the Gregorian Calendar to replace the Julian. In
1701, the rural militia was established. In the
following year, 1702, the old adscriptio glebae,
binding the peasant to his ancestral land, was
abolished. The king initiated the missionary work in
Greenland under the leadership of the Norwegian
pastor Hans Egede, who was later named bishop of
Greenland and is known as the Apostle of
Greenland. Starting in 1721, the so-called cavalry
schools were established in many places across the
kingdom. In 1727, the Royal Orphanage
was erected for orphans
throughout the country, it is today a private
primary school. The king had the chateaux of
Frederiksberg
and
Fredensborg built as pleasances,
maisons de plaisance, inspired by his grand tours in
Europe as a crown prince.
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Den
knælende figur foran Frederik 4.
symboliserer
vornedskabets ophævelse
i 1702. Vornedskab var en pligt
for bønder på godser på Sjælland,
Lolland og Falster til at forblive på
deres fødegods, en ordning der skulle
sikre godsejerne arbejdskraft. En
vorned er en person som er undergivet
vornedskab, en fæstebonde.
Den
siddende dreng under den knælende
figurs hånd symboliserer
rytterskolerne,
der blev oprettet 1721-27 af Kong
Frederik 4. i rigets tolv
rytterdistrikter beliggende nær
kirken da præsten var tilsynsførende,
hvilket vil sige, at han mødte op i
klasselokalet og overhørte eleverne.
Den antikke
figur til højre er
krigsguden
Mars.
The kneeling figure before the Frederik IV symbolizes the abolition
of adscriptio glebae in 1702. The adscription was a duty for
peasants on estates on Zealand, Lolland, and Falster to remain
on their ancestral estate, which was supposed to guarantee a
workforce for the owner.
The sitting boy under the hand of the kneeling figure
symbolizes the cavalry schools established in 1721-27 by
King Frederik IV in the twelve cavalry
districts into which the
kingdom was divided, and all
located near a church, since
the pastor was the
superintendent, that is to
say, that he showed up in
class and examined the
pupils.
The antique figure to the right is the god of war,
Mars. |
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Figurerne øverst
til højre i gobelinens hovedfelt
fremstiller
Kong Christian 6.
(regeringsperiode
1730-1746).
Konge af Danmark og Norge. Gift med
Sophie Magdalene af
Brandenburg-Kulmbach. Kongen var meget
religiøs og i forargelse over sin
fars utugtige levemåde forviste han
kongens anden hustru til højre hånd
dronning Anna Sophie til
Clausholm Slot, hvorfra hun i sin tid blev bortført
af hans far. I Christians
regeringsperiode var landet ikke i
krig, men i svær økonomisk krise. I
1730 ophævedes landmilitsen. I
1733 indførtes stavnsbåndet.
I sin højre
hånd holder kongen fjerpen og papir
refererende til
brev af 1742 på
oprettelsen af
Det Kongelige Danske
Videnskabernes Selskab stiftet af
gehejmeråd J.L. von Holstein,
justitsråd og polyhistor Hans Gram,
teologiprofessor Erik Pontoppidan og
gehejmeråd og historiker Henrik
Hielmstierne.
Kongen
var inspireret af den lutherske bevægelse,
pietismen -
det brændende hjerte over de
oprakte hænder er
symbol herpå, der kæmpede for en
genoplivelse af den religiøse grundidé
- fromhed, personlig tro
(praxis
pietatis, aktiv fromhed) - kongen
indførte i 1735 tvungen kirkegang, og
forbød forlystelser på helligdage. Ved hoffet blev der ikke danset, og
der blev spillet religiøs musik, og i
1736 indførtes konfirmationen.
Kongen opførte storslåede byggerier
helt i en enevoldskonges ånd bl.a.
det
første Christiansborg,
Eremitageslottet
og Hirschholm Slot (Hørsholm
Slot), som var hans sommerresidens (nedrevet o. 1810) og på
hvilket han døde. Christian 6. blev gravsat i
Roskilde Domkirke.
Ved siden
af kongen ses hans
dronning Sophie Magdalene af
Brandenburg-Kulmbach,
der i 1737 gjorde Vallø gods
til adeligt jomfrukloster.
Den
stigende velstand i 1700-tallet betød
øget oversøisk handel symboliseret
ved de varer, som ses placeret foran
kongen, to sukkertoppe, en stofrulle,
en morter, stablede tallerkener
og to kopper samt elefantstødtænder.
Over kongeparret ses en trompeterende
engel. På dommens dag kalder
trompetere de omvendte syndere til den endelige dom.
Under englen ses dødens symbol kranie
og krydsende knogler.
The figures top right in the tapestry's main field
represent King Christian VI (ruled 1730-1746), king of
Denmark and Norway, married to Sophie Magdalene of
Brandenburg-Kulmbach. The king was very pious and outraged by
his father's vicious way of life he exiled the king's second
wife "by the right hand," Queen Anna Sophie, to
the castle of Clausholm, from which she had once
been abducted by his father. During the reign of
Christian, the realm was not at war, but suffered a
serious economic crisis. In 1730, the rural militia
was abolished. In 1733, a new and harsher form of
adscriptio glebae was introduced.
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In his right hand, the king holds a quill and paper
referring to
a letter of 1742 establishing
The Royal Danish
Academy of Sciences, founded by privy councilor J. L. von
Holstein, the jurist and polymath Hans Gram, professor of
theology Erik
Pontoppidan, and privy councillor and historian
Henrik Hielmstierne.
The king was inspired by a movement within
Lutheranism, pietism, the burning heart
above upraised hands symbolizes this idea of
fighting for a revival of the basic religious idea,
piety, personal faith (praxis pietatis, active
piety). In 1735, the king introduced compulsory
observance and prohibited amusements on holy days.
No dancing was allowed at court and religious music
was played. In 1736, the king introduced the
practice of confirmation. The king erected
magnificent buildings quite in the manner of an
absolute monarch, such as the first Christiansborg,
the Eremitage chalet and the
chalet of Hirschholm,
where he died. He was
entombed in the
cathedral at Roskilde.
By the king's side we see his Queen Sophie
Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, who in 1737
made the former abbey of Vallø into a residence for
widows of the aristocracy.
The growing prosperity of the 18th
century meant increased overseas trade, as
symbolized by the goods placed before the king, two
sugar loafs, a pestle, piled plates
and two cups, as well as elephant tusks.
Above the royal couple we see an angel trumpeting.
At
Judgment Day
angelic
trumpeters call the Reborn to the supreme Judgment.
Below the angel is the symbol of death, a skull and crossbones. |
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Til venstre
for kongeparret ved siden af Mars ses
en nøgen figur med hænderne bundet på
ryggen og et arbejdsredskab, høtyven,
og et strafferedskab, stokken. Figuren
refererer til
Stavnsbåndets
indførelse
i 1733. Bønder mellem 14 og 36 år måtte
ikke forlade deres hjemstavn.
Stavnsbåndet
blev ophævet i 1788.
To the left of the royal couple, and next to Mars, we see a
nude figure with his hands bound on his back and an
agricultural implement, a pitchfork, and an
instrument of punishment, the cane. The figure refers to
the introduction of the new adscriptio glebae
in 1733. Peasants between the ages of 14 and 36 were not allowed
to leave their native villages. This law was repealed in 1788. |
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I
hovedfeltets nederste halvdel
ses i
skikkelse af havguden
Neptun den
dansk-norske søhelt
Peter Wessel
(1690-1720), adlet
Tordenskiold
i 1716, året hvor han vandt sejren
under
Den store nordiske krig, hvor en
svensk forsyningsflåde blev
ødelagt ved fjorden Dynekilen i den svenske skærgård lidt nord
for Strømstad.
In the lower half of the main field
we see, impersonating the god of the sea, Neptune the
Danish-Norwegian naval hero
Peter Wessel (1690-1720),
ennobled as Tordenskjold in 1716, when he had won a
battle in the Great Nordic War by destroying a Swedish supply
fleet in the fjord of Dynekilen just north of Strømstad. |
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Til højre
for Tordenskiold ses en abstrakt
kvindefigur, en kolos, i Københavns
havn, måske et symbol på den danske
sejr i
"Stormen
på København"
den 11. februar 1659, der var en del
af anden Karl Gustav-krig 1658-60 mellem Danmark-Norge og
Sverige. Den svenske belejring gjorde kongehuset populært og
banede vejen for enevældens indførelse i 1660.
To the right of Tordenskjold we see an abstract female
figure, a colossus, in the harbor of Copenhagen,
perhaps symbolizing the Danish victory over the Swedes in the
"Assault on Copenhagen" on 11 February 1659, part of the Second
Charles Gustavus War 1658-60 between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.
The Swedish siege and the victory over it made the dynasty
popular and paved the way for introducing absolutism in 1660. |
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Betragtende
stormen på København ses tre
svenske konger:
Karl 10. Gustav
(regeringsperiode 1654-1660).
Karl
11. (regeringsperiode
1660-1697).
Karl 12. (regeringsperiode
1697-1718).
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Til højre for kongerne ses fregatter symboliserende
Køge Bugt Slaget
1. juli 1677,
kulminationen af flere
søslag mellem Danmark og Sverige
i
perioden 1676-1677 (en del af
Skånske krig 1675-1679). Den danske flåde besejrede den svenske
under ledelse af admiral Niels Juel (1629-1697).
Observing the assault
on
Copenhagen
we see three Swedish kings: Charles X Gustavus
(ruled 1654-1660), Charles XI (ruled
1660-1697), and Charles XII (ruled
1697-1718).
To the right of the kings we see frigates
symbolizing the Battle of Køge Bay, 1 July 1677,
the final battle of many between Danes and Swedes
during The Scanian War (1675-1679), and an
outstanding Danish victory. The Danish fleet under
the command of admiral Niels Juel
(1629-1697) utterly defeated the Swedish fleet.
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I guirlanden over Københavns tårne
ses en kvindefigur holdende et barn.
In the garland above the towers of Copenhagen we see a female
figure holding a child. |
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Nederst til venstre i hovedfeltet
ses
de
tre sølvløver kendt fra riddersalen
i Rosenborg Slot, udført af
guldsmeden Ferdinand Küblich
(1665-70).
De tre løver symboliserer
kirken (korset),
Kongeloven
(bogen)
og
den militære magt
(krigerhjelm).
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At bottom
left in the main field
we see the three silver lions familiar
from the Knights' Hall at
Rosenborg Castle and
executed by the goldsmith, Ferdinand Küblich, in
1665-70. The three lions symbolize the church (the
cross), the Lex Regia (the book),
and military force (the warrior's helmet). |
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Motiver i borduren/Border
Motifs |
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Øverste
venstre halvdel/Top left half |
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1 |
Kong
Christian 5.'s rigsvåben/King
Christian V's coat of arms. |
2 |
Carl von
Linné (1707-1778), svensk botaniker.
Kendt for sin klassificering af naturen i
bogen "Systema Naturae", 1735.
Carl von Linné (1707-1778),
Swedish botanist. One of the major works was
"Systema Naturae", 1735. |
3 |
Københavns
byvåben fra 1661 i kunstnerens
fortolkning.
Coat of
Arms of The City of Copenhagen from 1661
- Bjørn Nørgaard's
interpretation. |
4 |
Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), tysk
filosof, matematiker og politisk rådgiver.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
(1646-1716), German philosopher,
mathematician and
political advisor.
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5 |
Sir
Isaac
Newton (1642-1727), engelsk matematiker,
astronom og fysiker. Beskrev tyngdekraften i
sit værk "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia
Mathematica", 1687. Han var den første, der
beviste at der lå naturlove bag alle former
for bevægelse.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727),
English mathematician, astronomer and
physicist. |
6 |
François-Marie Arouet Volatire (1694-1778), fransk
forfatter, dramatiker og samfundskritiker,
en af oplysningstidens store filosoffer.
François-Marie Arouet
Volatire
(1694-1778), French writer, dramatist and
critic, one of the leading French thinkers
of the 18th century's Age of Enlightenment. |
7 |
Niels
Ste(e)nsen/Nicolaus Stenonis/Steno
(1638-1686), dansk anatom, geolog og biskop.
Den videnskabshistoriske museum Steno Museet
i Aarhus er opkaldt efter ham. Han er
gravsat i
San Lorenzo basilikaen i Firenze.
Pave Johannes Paul II saligkårede Stensen i
1988.
Niels Ste(e)nsen/Nicolaus Stenonis/Steno
(1638-1686), Danish anatomist, geologist and
bishop. Pope John
Paul II beatified Steno in 1988.
The Tomb of Steno, Basilica of Saint
Lawrence in Florence. |
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Øverste
højre halvdel/Top
right half |
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1 |
Ludvig
Holberg (1684-1754), norsk-dansk
forfatter af bl.a. "Peder Paars, et comisk
Heltedigt", og komedierne "Den politiske
Kandestøber", Jeppe på Bjerget" og "Erasmus
Montanus", og den satiriske roman "Niels
Klims underjordiske Rejse", skrevet på latin
i 1741 oversat til dansk i 1789 af Jens
Baggesen og illustreret af
N.A. Abildgaard.
Ludvig Holberg (1684-1754),
Norwegian-Danish
playwright. |
2 |
Ole Rømer
(1644-1710), dansk astronom og fysiker. Han
er mest kendt for sin opdagelse af "lysets
tøven", 1676. I 1706 registrerede han sammen
med sine assistenter alle fiksstjerne- og
planetpassager.
Ole Rømer (1644-1710), Danish
astronomer and physicist. |
3 |
Kong
Christian 5.'s rigsvåben/King
Christian V's coat of arms. |
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Nederste venstre
halvdel/Bottom
left half |
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1 |
Frederik
4.'s og Christian 6's rigsvåben/King
Frederik IV's and King Christian VI's coat
of arms. |
2 |
Kong
Friedrich Wilhelm 1. af Preussen
(regeringsperiode 1713-1740)/King
Frederick
William I of Prussia
(Ruled
1713-1740). |
3 |
Symboler på
enevælden, et bevinget kronet kranium
omgivet af en glorie eller en krans med et
mønster, der giver associationer til en
hermelinspels. Kraniet hviler på rigsæblet
bag hvilket scepter og sværd krydses,
nederst et overflødighedshorn omviklet af
lænker, bag overflødigshornet ses et
kanonløb.
Symbols of absolute monarchy, a
winged crowned skull is surrounded by af
halo or a garland with a
pattern similar to a
ermine cloak. Below the skull is the orb and
the sceptre and the sword. In front of the
orb is a cornucopia wrapped in chains.
Behind the cornucopia is a gun barrel. |
4 |
Magnus
Stenbock (1665-1717), svensk greve,
general og embedsmand. Generalguvernør i
Skåne fra 1707.
Magnus Stenbock (1665-1717),
Swedish count and high official. |
5 |
Jean
Baptiske Colbert (1619-1683),
finansminister under kong Ludvig 14.,
skaberen af det franske økonomiske
førrevolutionære system.
Jean Baptiske Colbert (1619-1683),
minister of finance
under King Louis XIV of
France. |
6 |
Kong Ludvig
14./Solkongen (regeringsperiode
1661-1715). i 1670 planlagde han sin
fyrsteresidens slottet i Versailles, opført
i barokstil, symbol på absolutismen.
Versailles er et solstråleformet anlæg, det
blev normgivende for den profane arkitektur
i Tyskland.
King Louis XIV/The Sun King (ruled
1661-1715). |
7 |
Peder
Schumacher (1635-1699), rigskansler,
adlet i 1671 med navnet Griffenfeld.
Peder Schumacher (1635-1699),
chancellor, ennobled as Griffenfeld
in 1671. |
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Nederste
højre halvdel/Bottom
right
half |
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1 |
Hans Nansen
(1598-1667), borgmester i København og
forvalter for Det Islandske Kompagni.
Hans Nansen (1598-1667), mayor of
Copenhagen. |
2 |
Niels Juel
(1629-1697), dansk søofficer/Niels
Juel (1629-1697), Danish naval officer. |
3 |
Frederik
4.'s og Christian 6.'s rigsvåben/King
Frederik IV's and King Christian VI's coat
of arms. |
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Venstre side/to the left |
1 |
Indianer
inspireret af den nederlandske barok- og
hofmaler Albert van der Eeckhouts
(1610-1666), der virkede i den hollandske
koloni i Brasilien.
Bag figuren ses slaver og et
slaveskib.
Indian influenced by the Dutch
baroque- and court painter Albert van der
Eeckhouts (1610-1666).
Behind the figure is slaves and a
slave ship. |
2 |
Obelisk
med symboler for postvæsenet.
Øverst posthornet, herunder 4-tal
for kong Christian 4., der i 1624 udsendte
"Forordning om Post-Budde", betegnet
postvæsenets fødselsattest. Baggrunden for
obelisken er et Danmarkskort med Ole
Rømers opmåling af riget.
Obelisk containing symbols for
the Postal Service
- the post horn, the number four
(King Christian IV the
founder of the Danish
Postal Service). Behind the
obelisk is a map of Denmark. |
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Højre side/To the right |
1 |
Obelisk med
ægyptiske hieroglyffer.
Ved obeliskens fod ses Ankh-korset,
der symboliserer evigt liv.
Hieroglyfferne refererer til "Capitain F.L.
Norden og hans rejse til Ægypten og Nubien 1737-38",
bog udkommet i 1965 hvor F. Aa. Hammer Kjølsen beskriver den danske søofficer
Frederik Ludvig Nordens (1708-42) rejse.
Bag obelisken ses Beringstrædet,
navngivet efter den danske
opdagelsesrejsende Vitus Bering, der
krydsede strædet i 1728.
Obelisk with Egyptian hieroglyphs.
At the foot of the
obelisk is
the
Ankh Cross,
an ancient Egyptian symbol for
life.
The hieroglyphs refer to
the Danish Captain F.
L. Norden's Journey to Egypt and
Nubia 1737-38.
Behind the obelisk is
the
Bering Strait,
named after the Danish explorer
Vitus Bering, who crossed the strait in
1728. |
2 |
Væv og
væveredskaber refererende til "Les
Gobelins", hvor Dronningens gobeliner er vævet. Bag
væven ses planen for en barokhave.
A loom and loom tools referring to
"Les Gobelins" in Paris where the Queen's
tapestries are woven.
Behind the loom is a
Baroque garden plan. |
3 |
Dronning
Margrethe 2.'s monogram.
Monogram of
Queen
Margrethe II. |
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Gobelinernes placering i Riddersalen
De Kongelige
Repræsentationslokaler, beletage, Christiansborg Slot
The placement of
the Tapestries in the Knight's Hall
the Royal
Reception Rooms, Christiansborg Palace |
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Den første gang
Bjørn Nørgaard anvendte
tekstiler og vævning, var da han designede
skitserne til de gobeliner, som H.M.
Dronning Margrethe 2. fik i gave fra dansk
erhvervsliv til sin 50-års fødselsdag den
16. april 1990. Gobelinerne, der blev vævet
hos Le Mobilier National et les Manufactures
Nationales des Gobelins et de Beauvais i
Paris, beskriver Danmarkshistorien fra
vikingetiden til moderne tid. De blev i 2000
ophængt i Riddersalen, De Kongelige
Repræsentationslokaler,
Christiansborg Slot. Ved indvielsen den
12. april overdrog H.M. Dronningen
gobelinerne til den danske stat.
Kartonerne til gobelinerne tilhører Køge
Skitsesamling. |
The first time
Bjørn Nørgaard had made use of textiles and
weaving was when he designed the sketches
for the Queen's tapestries given in honour
of HM Queen Margrethe II's 50th birthday on
April 16, 1990, by the Danish business
community. They were woven at the Beauvais
tapestry manufactory in Paris (Le Mobilier
National et les Manufactures Nationales des
Gobelins et de Beauvais). The tapestries
describing the period of Danish history from
the Viking Age to Modern time, were in 2000
placed in the Knight's Hall, the Royal
Reception Rooms,
Christiansborg Palace.
At the inauguration ceremony April 12 HM the
Queen donated the tapestries to the State.
The sketches belong to Køge
Skitsesamling (Sketch
Collection). |
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